Hypothetical Report Proposal 1:
Is it Possible to Eliminate/Reducing Greenhouse Effect?
This report was just a thing I made up through various research and study about the greenhouse effect through various sites.
The greenhouse effect refers to circumstances where the short wavelengths ofvisible light from the sun pass through a transparent medium and are absorbed, but the longer wavelengths of the infrared re-radiation from the heated objects are unable to pass through that medium. The trapping of the long wavelength radiation leads to more heating and a higher resultant temperature. Besides the heating of an automobile by sunlight through the windshield and the namesake example of heating the greenhouse by sunlight passing through sealed, transparent windows, the greenhouse effect has been widely used to describe the trapping of excess heat by the rising concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide strongly absorbs infrared and does not allow as much of it to escape into space.
A major part of the efficiency of the heating of an actual greenhouse is the trapping of the air so that the energy is not lost by convection. Keeping the hot air from escaping out the top is part of the practical "greenhouse effect", but it is common usage to refer to the infrared trapping as the "greenhouse effect" in atmospheric applications where the air trapping is not applicable.
The increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide, one of the three majoratmospheric contributers to the greenhouse effect has been carefully documented at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii. The 1990 rate of increase was about 0.4% per year. The interesting cyclic variations represent the reduction in carbon dioxide by photosynthesis during the growing season in the northern hemisphere.
Current analysis suggests that the combustion of fossil fuels is a major contributer to the increase in the carbon dioxide concentration, such contributions being 2 to 5 times the effect of deforestation (Kraushaar & Ristinen).
Humankind has progressed a lot over the years. However, this progress has come at a cost of the exploitation of nature many a times. Humans are the main reason for the pollution in nature.
Global warming has been a matter of concern for many years, with various man-made machines now contributing to Global Warming.
One of the main causes of Global Warming is the Green house effect. When the emission of infra-red radiation in the atmosphere warms a planet's surface, it is known as the Green House Effect. The Greenhouse effect is a natural phenomena occurring on planet Earth.
There are natural as well as human-made causes of the greenhouse effect. The natural causes of the Green house effect are the emissions of gases like nitrous oxide, carbon-di-oxide, methane, ozone and water vapour.
The life on Earth depends entirely on the Sun. The energy for life is supplied by the Sun. Out of the total sunlight available, more than thirty percent is deflected into outer space. The rest is reflected and converted into slow moving energy called infrared radiation. This radiation is then trapped into the atmosphere by various gases like carbon-di-oxide, methane, ozone and water vapour. Therefore, it's escape is slowed down. Out of these gases, carbon-di-oxide itself is responsible for the Green house effect.
The motor vehicle is an invention that has changed mankind. Our cars help us get to work and home, to school, to appointments, to fun dates and shopping. Our cars take us everywhere we need or want to go. What we rarely think of, though, is the effects of the fumes our cars put out into the environment. We can all help the environment by walking or bicycling instead of driving a car when we can.
Elements that causes greenhouse effect
Nitrous Oxide:
Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas or sweet air, is a chemical compound with theformula N2O. It is an oxide ofnitrogen. At room temperature, it is a colorless non-flammable gas, with a slightly sweet odor and taste. It is used in surgery anddentistry for its anesthetic andanalgesic effects. It is known as "laughing gas" due to theeuphoric effects of inhaling it, a property that has led to itsrecreational use as a dissociativeanesthetic. It is also used as anoxidizer in rocketry and in motor racing to increase the power output of engines. At elevated temperatures, nitrous oxide is a powerful oxidizer similar to molecular oxygen.
carbon-di-oxide:
Carbon dioxide (chemical formula CO2) is a chemical compound composed of twooxygen atoms covalently bondedto a single carbon atom. It is agas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state. CO2 is a trace gas comprising 0.039% of the atmosphere.
As part of the carbon cycleknown as photosynthesis, plants,algae, and cyanobacteria absorb carbon dioxide, sunlight, andwater to produce carbohydrateenergy for themselves andoxygen as a waste product. By contrast, during respiration theyemit carbon dioxide, as do all other living things that depend either directly or indirectly on plants for food. Carbon dioxide is also generated as a by-product ofcombustion; emitted fromvolcanoes, hot springs, andgeysers; and freed fromcarbonate rocks by dissolution.
As of October 2010, carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphereis at a concentration of 388 ppmby volume
Methane:
Methane (pronounced /ˈmɛθeɪn/ or /ˈmiːθeɪn/) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CH4. It is the simplestalkane, and the principal component of natural gas. Methane's bond angles are 109.5 degrees. Burning methane in the presence of oxygen producescarbon dioxide and water. The relative abundance of methane makes it an attractive fuel. However, because it is a gas atnormal temperature and pressure, methane is difficult to transport from its source. It is generally transported in bulk bypipeline in its natural gas form, orLNG carriers in its liquefied form; few countries transport it by truck.
Methane was discovered and isolated by Alessandro Voltabetween 1776 and 1778 when studying marsh gas from Lake Maggiore.
Methane is a relatively potentgreenhouse gas. Compared withcarbon dioxide, it has a highglobal warming potential of 72 (calculated over a period of 20 years) or 25 (for a time period of 100 years).[2] It has a net lifetime of about 10 years,[3] and is primarily removed by reaction with hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere, producing carbon dioxide and water.
Methane also affects the degradation of the ozone layer.
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Agricultural activities account for almost 50 and 60% of the total anthropogenic CH4 and N2O emissions, respectively in 2005 (IPCC. 2007. Climate change 2007. Mitigation of climate change, Working Group III contribution to the fourth assessment report of the intergovermental panel on climate change summary for policymakers and technical summary). Thus, we developed an integrated model to estimate global CH4 and N2O emissions and reduction potentials related to agricultural production from 2000 to 2030. In this model, the amounts of implemented countermeasures for greenhouse gas mitigation are calculated as an optimal problem to minimize the total reduction costs under several marginal abatement costs. As a result, we determined the most cost-effective countermeasures, regions and emission sources with high reduction potentials in 2030. Global CH4 and N2O emission in agricultural activities was 4.0 GtCO2 eq/year in 2000 and will increase to approximately 40% (up to 5.6 GtCO2 eq/year) by 2030. Moreover, in 2030, the total maximum reduction potential will be about 1.4 GtCO2 eq/year which accounts for 35% of the total of CH4 and N2O emissions in agriculture in 2000. Particularly, livestock manure management and rice paddy are expected to be emission sources that have high reduction potentials. We identified a “daily spread of manure” as one low-cost countermeasure with high reduction potential based on the analysis of reduction potentials by countermeasures.
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Nitrous Oxide emission reduction:Intro:
More than 60,000 industrial boilers exist in the United States. In contrast to large utility boilers, industrial boilers have received little focus for NOx emission reductions. However, several alternatives to reduce NOx emissions currently are available, and others are under development.
Most NOx emissions are derived from nitrogen in the fuels used or from nitrogen in the combustion air (thermal NOx). For natural gas-fired and No. 2 oil-fired boilers, thermal NOx represents the majority of NOx produced from industrial boilers. Thermal NOx emissions increase with increasing peak flame temperatures and are affected by oxygen availability in the boiler combustion zone.
EGR Valve = Exhaust Gas Recirculation Valve it controls formation of noxious emissions.
EGR works by recirculating a portion of an engine's exhaust gas back to the enginecylinders. In a gasoline engine, this inert exhaust displaces the amount of combustible matter in the cylinder. In a diesel engine, the exhaust gas replaces some of the excess oxygen in the pre-combustion mixture.
A properly operating EGR can theoretically increase the efficiency of gasoline engines via several mechanisms:
- Reduced throttling losses. The addition of inert exhaust gas into the intake system means that for a given power output, the throttle plate must be opened further, resulting in increased inlet manifold pressure and reduced throttling losses.
- Reduced heat rejection. Lowered peak combustion temperatures not only reduces NOx formation, it also reduces the loss of thermal energy to combustion chamber surfaces, leaving more available for conversion to mechanical work during the expansion stroke.
- Reduced chemical dissociation. The lower peak temperatures result in more of the released energy remaining as sensible energy near TDC, rather than being bound up (early in the expansion stroke) in the dissociation of combustion products. This effect is minor compared to the first two.
It also decreases the efficiency of gasoline engines via at least one more mechanism:
- Reduced specific heat ratio. A lean intake charge has a higher specific heat ratio than an EGR mixture. A reduction of specific heat ratio reduces the amount of energy that can be extracted by the piston.
Carbon Dioxide emission reduction:
Intro
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is emitted in a number of ways. It is emitted naturally through the carbon cycle and through human activities like the burning of fossil fuels.
Natural sources of CO2 occur within the carbon cycle where billions of tons of atmospheric CO2 are removed from the atmosphere by oceans and growing plants, also known as ‘sinks,’ and are emitted back into the atmosphere annually through natural processes also known as ‘sources.’ When in balance, the total carbon dioxide emissions and removals from the entire carbon cycle are roughly equal.
Since the Industrial Revolution in the 1700’s, human activities, such as the burning of oil, coal and gas, and deforestation, have increased CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere.
Idea:
Efficiency and Conservation
There are many energy efficiency and conservation practices that reduce the consumption of carbon-based fuels (e.g., natural gas
, oil, coal, or gasoline), decreasing carbon dioxide emissions.Carbon-Free and Reduced-Carbon Energy Sources
Another way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions is to use carbon-free or reduced-carbon sources of energy. Carbon-free sources of energy have their own associated impacts, but in general, these technologies generate energy without producing and emitting carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Carbon-free energy sources include solar power, wind power, geothermal energy, low-head hydropower, hydrokinetics (e.g., wave and tidal power), and nuclear power. Alternatively, switching from high-carbon fuels like coal and oil, to reduced-carbon fuels such as natural gas, will also result in reduced carbon dioxide emissions. The extent to which biomass energy is considered to be carbon-free or a reduced-carbon fuel depends on the type of biomass used and the processes by which it is converted to energy (for more discussion on this, see the section on Biomass Energy Operational Impacts to Air Quality).Carbon Capture and Sequestration
A third option for reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is carbon sequestration. Carbon sequestration involves the capture and storage of carbon dioxide that would otherwise be present in the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect. As described on the Carbon Sequestration Approaches and Technologies page, carbon dioxide can be removed from the atmosphere and retained (stored) within plants and soil supporting the plants. Alternatively, carbon dioxide can be captured (either before or after fossil fuel is burned) and then be stored (sequestered) within the earth.Methane emission reduction:
Intro
Methane emissions refer to the portions of methane that are released into the atmosphere. Methane is the principal component of natural gas. It is useful in many ways, but it can also be harmful to the environment. For this reason, methane emissions are a concern to many people.
Methane can be carried to the stratosphere by rising air. Once it is in the atmosphere, methane is generally regarded as a potent greenhouse gas. It has this reputation because methane can trap substantial amounts of heat, which can result in global warming.
There are many natural sources of methane, including the oceans, permafrost, and termites. Even the Earth’s crust contains large amounts. Since methane is naturally occurring, a certain amount of methane emissions are natural and expected. It is believed that the environment has a natural system that can cope reasonably well with these natural releases.
Idea:
Moderating methane
Because around 60 per cent of methane is produced by human-related activities, changing the way we do some of these activities could help to reduce the amount of methane in the atmosphere.
Couth cows and kangaroo burgers
We could all become vegetarians or reduce our meat and dairy intakes. That way, there’d be fewer cattle and sheep needed. But it might be hard to convince Australians to give up their family roast or barbecued steaks. Australia has over 90 million sheep and 29 million cattle.
However, Australian scientists are tackling livestock emissions. In early 2009, the Australian Government committed nearly $27 million to research ways of reducing methane and other greenhouse gases arising from agriculture. The research involves 18 projects, including selectively breeding livestock to produce less methane; reducing methane emissions by eliminating certain livestock gut microbes; and reducing methane emissions by changing the diet of livestock.
Another suggested way of achieving lower methane emissions would be to eat meat from farmed kangaroos. Because kangaroos are not ruminants, they don’t belch out nearly as much methane. So perhaps kangaroo burgers and sausages might help save the planet – but only if you could convince lots of people to change their diet!
Drying out
Draining naturally occurring wetlands is a simple way to decrease methane levels, but this can increase carbon dioxide emissions as well as having unwanted environmental effects when animal and plant habitats are changed.
Finding different ways to grow rice – such as dry rice farming – or developing more productive rice varieties could help reduce methane levels.
One way to prevent methane being made at landfill sites is to cover the site to stop rain penetrating into the ground. Australian scientists are now looking at reducing methane levels at rubbish tips by growing plants and trees on their surface. The idea is for the plants to take up the water that would otherwise seep down and promote the anaerobic decomposition of rubbish, which produces methane. This method – known as phytocapping – has been tested successfully by researchers at the Central Queensland University.
Making use of methane
Because methane can be used as a fuel, there are several possibilities for recycling the gas and using it as a source of energy. Even though this might produce some carbon dioxide, the overall contribution to climate change would be less than if the methane wasn’t used. For years, methane produced by decomposing matter at some rubbish tips or landfill sites has been tapped as a source of the gas.
Yet another way to reduce methane levels is to lower emissions from fossil fuel industries. For instance, methane is collected from some Australian coal mines for energy production. And the CSIRO and the Australian Government Department of Climate Change have been involved in a pilot project to use methane from a Chinese coal mine to help power a gas turbine – in effect, turning a waste gas into a fuel.
Importantly, governments are now recognising the role of methane as a greenhouse gas. Methane has been included in Australia’s draft emissions trading scheme, the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme and the European Union is also looking at including methane (and other greenhouse gases) in its Emissions Trading Scheme which up to now has only included carbon dioxide.
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The rise in the temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere due to the presence of impure gases, that are let out into the air through factories, industries and automobiles lead to the Greenhouse effect. The common greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, Nitrous oxide, and Methane. The rise in the temperature of the atmosphere is referred as Global warming.
There has been a lot of discussion regarding green house effect by the scientists and environmentalists, as to what is the accepted level of temperature for the natural green house effect. The most livable temperature band is now considered to be around 59 degree Fahrenheit.
If there was no natural green house effect, then the planet would have been about 90 degrees cooler, which is very cold and not possible for the human beings or plants and animals to survive this atmospheric temperature.
It has been proved beyond doubt that the human activities like burning of the fossil fuels like coal and oil, release of poisonous gases like carbon dioxide, methane etc into the atmosphere are the major contributions to the increase in the surface temperature of the Earth which in turn results in Greenhouse effect. The scientists and environmentalists have predicted that if this trend continues the Earth will have to face serious consequences. The rise in the temperature levels beyond the permissible limits of the greenhouse effect will result in climatic changes, flooding, famine, droughts, rise in sea levels etc.
The rise in the temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere due to the presence of impure gases, that are let out into the air through factories, industries and automobiles lead to the Greenhouse effect. The common greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, Nitrous oxide, and Methane. The rise in the temperature of the atmosphere is referred as Global warming.
There has been a lot of discussion regarding green house effect by the scientists and environmentalists, as to what is the accepted level of temperature for the natural green house effect. The most livable temperature band is now considered to be around 59 degree Fahrenheit.
If there was no natural green house effect, then the planet would have been about 90 degrees cooler, which is very cold and not possible for the human beings or plants and animals to survive this atmospheric temperature.
It has been proved beyond doubt that the human activities like burning of the fossil fuels like coal and oil, release of poisonous gases like carbon dioxide, methane etc into the atmosphere are the major contributions to the increase in the surface temperature of the Earth which in turn results in Greenhouse effect. The scientists and environmentalists have predicted that if this trend continues the Earth will have to face serious consequences. The rise in the temperature levels beyond the permissible limits of the greenhouse effect will result in climatic changes, flooding, famine, droughts, rise in sea levels etc.
From light bulbs to how much you drive your car, every day we can make better choices that can help save our wildlife.
Here are some tips to reduce your impact on the greenhouse effect and save wildlife:
- Lower your thermostat in the winter and raise it in the summer.
- Replace your regular light bulbs with energy-saving florescent light bulbs.
- Keep your car tuned-up and observe speed limits. Whenever you can, leave your car at home. Instead, use public transportation, walk, or ride your bike.
- Plant a tree. Trees absorb carbon dioxide and also provide protection for wildlife.
- If you buy coffee and chocolate, choose organic versions. The coffee and cacao plants in the tropical rain forests of Latin America help sustain migratory birds.
If you have a little more time, Charity Guide provides additional volunteer opportunities, to reduce global warming in just a few hours (once, or each week).
CFLs use 60% less energy than a regular bulb. This simple switch will save about 300 pounds of carbon dioxide a year.
We recommend you purchase your CFL bulbs at 1000bulbs.com, they have great deals on both screw-in and plug-in light bulbs.
Programmable thermostats will automatically lower the heat or air conditioning at night and raise them again in the morning. They can save you $100 a year on your energy bill.
Almost half of the energy we use in our homes goes to heating and cooling. You could save about 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide a year with this simple adjustment.
Cleaning a dirty air filter can save 350 pounds of carbon dioxide a year.
Look for the Energy Star label on new appliances to choose the most energy efficient products available.
Use the "on/off" function on the machine itself. A TV set that's switched on for 3 hours a day (the average time Europeans spend watching TV) and in standby mode during the remaining 21 hours uses about 40% of its energy in standby mode.
You’ll save 1,000 pounds of carbon dioxide a year with this simple action. You can save another 550 pounds per year by setting the thermostat no higher than 50°C.
Placing them next to the cooker or boiler consumes much more energy than if they were standing on their own. For example, if you put them in a hot cellar room where the room temperature is 30-35ºC, energy use is almost double and causes an extra 160kg of CO2 emissions for fridges per year and 320kg for freezers.
Even better is to replace them with newer models, which all have automatic defrost cycles and are generally up to two times more energy-efficient than their predecessors.
When airing your house, open the windows for only a few minutes. If you leave a small opening all day long, the energy needed to keep it warm inside during six cold months (10ºC or less outside temperature) would result in almost 1 ton of CO2 emissions.
This requires a bit of upfront investment, but will halve the energy lost through windows and pay off in the long term. If you go for the best the market has to offer (wooden-framed double-glazed units with low-emission glass and filled with argon gas), you can even save more than 70% of the energy lost.
Many utilities offer free home energy audits to find where your home is poorly insulated or energy inefficient. You can save up to 30% off your energy bill and 1,000 pounds of carbon dioxide a year. Energy Star can help you find an energy specialist.
Doing so can save a lot of the energy needed for preparing the dish. Even better are pressure cookers and steamers: they can save around 70%!
If you need to use it when it is half full, then use the half-load or economy setting. There is also no need to set the temperatures high. Nowadays detergents are so efficient that they get your clothes and dishes clean at low temperatures.
A shower takes up to four times less energy than a bath. To maximize the energy saving, avoid power showers and use low-flow showerheads, which are cheap and provide the same comfort.
It takes a lot of energy to heat water. You can use less hot water by installing a low flow showerhead (350 pounds of carbon dioxide saved per year) and washing your clothes in cold or warm water (500 pounds saved per year) instead of hot.
You can save 700 pounds of carbon dioxide when you air dry your clothes for 6 months out of the year.
Properly insulating your walls and ceilings can save 25% of your home heating bill and 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide a year. Caulking and weather-stripping can save another 1,700 pounds per year. Energy Efficient has more information on how to better insulate your home.
You can save 2,400 pounds of carbon dioxide a year by recycling half of the waste your household generates.
Around 3% of the greenhouse gas emissions through the methane is released by decomposing bio-degradable waste. By recycling organic waste or composting it if you have a garden, you can help eliminate this problem! Just make sure that you compost it properly, so it decomposes with sufficient oxygen, otherwise your compost will cause methane emissions and smell foul.
One bottle of 1.5l requires less energy and produces less waste than three bottles of 0.5l. As well, buy recycled paper products: it takes less 70 to 90% less energy to make recycled paper and it prevents the loss of forests worldwide.
You will also cut down on waste production and energy use... another help against global warming.
When shopping, it saves energy and waste to use a reusable bag instead of accepting a disposable one in each shop. Waste not only discharges CO2 and methane into the atmosphere, it can also pollute the air, groundwater and soil.
Most products we buy cause greenhouse gas emissions in one or another way, e.g. during production and distribution. By taking your lunch in a reusable lunch box instead of a disposable one, you save the energy needed to produce new lunch boxes.
A single tree will absorb one ton of carbon dioxide over its lifetime. Shade provided by trees can also reduce your air conditioning bill by 10 to 15%. The Arbor Day Foundation has information on planting and provides trees you can plant with membership.
In many areas, you can switch to energy generated by clean, renewable sources such as wind and solar. In some of these, you can even get refunds by government if you choose to switch to a clean energy producer, and you can also earn money by selling the energy you produce and don't use for yourself.
The average meal in the United States travels 1,200 miles from the farm to your plate. Buying locally will save fuel and keep money in your community.
Frozen food uses 10 times more energy to produce.
They reduce the amount of energy required to grow and transport the food to you by one fifth. Seek farmer’s markets in your area, and go for them.
Organic soils capture and store carbon dioxide at much higher levels than soils from conventional farms. If we grew all of our corn and soybeans organically, we’d remove 580 billion pounds of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere!
Methane is the second most significant greenhouse gas and cows are one of the greatest methane emitters. Their grassy diet and multiple stomachs cause them to produce methane, which they exhale with every breath.
Avoiding just 10 miles of driving every week would eliminate about 500 pounds of carbon dioxide emissions a year! Look for transit options in your area.
Sharing a ride with someone just 2 days a week will reduce your carbon dioxide emissions by 1,590 pounds a year. eRideShare.com runs a free service connecting north american commuters and travelers.
This can increase fuel consumption and CO2 emissions by up to 10% due to wind resistance and the extra weight - removing it is a better idea.
Regular maintenance helps improve fuel efficiency and reduces emissions. When just 1% of car owners properly maintain their cars, nearly a billion pounds of carbon dioxide are kept out of the atmosphere.
You can reduce CO2 emissions by readjusting your driving style. Choose proper gears, do not abuse the gas pedal, use the engine brake instead of the pedal brake when possible and turn off your engine when your vehicle is motionless for more than one minute. By readjusting your driving style you can save money on both fuel and car mantainance.
Proper tire inflation can improve gas mileage by more than 3%. Since every gallon of gasoline saved keeps 20 pounds of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, every increase in fuel efficiency makes a difference!
You can save 3,000 pounds of carbon dioxide every year if your new car gets only 3 miles per gallon more than your current one. You can get up to 60 miles per gallon with a hybrid! You can find information on fuel efficiency on FuelEconomy and on GreenCars websites.
Need a car but don’t want to buy one? Community car sharing organizations provide access to a car and your membership fee covers gas, maintenance and insurance. Many companies – such as Flexcar - offer low emission or hybrid cars too! Also, see ZipCar.
Telecommuting can help you drastically reduce the number of miles you drive every week. For more information, check out the Telework Coalition.
Air travel produces large amounts of emissions so reducing how much you fly by even one or two trips a year can reduce your emissions significantly. You can also offset your air travel carbon emissions by investingin renewable energy projects.
You can extend your positive influence on global warming well beyond your home by actively encouraging other to take action.
The Stop Global Warming Virtual March is a non-political effort to bring people concerned about global warming together in one place. Add your voice to the hundreds of thousands of other people urging action on this issue.
Successfully combating global warming requires a national transition to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and biomass. These technologies are ready to be deployed more widely but there are regulatory barriers impeding them. U.S. citizens, take action to break down those barriers with Vote Solar.
Forests play a critical role in global warming: they store carbon. When forests are burned or cut down, their stored carbon is release into the atmosphere - deforestation now accounts for about 20% of carbon dioxide emissions each year. Conservation International has more information on saving forests from global warming.
If you invest your money, you should consider the impact that your investments and savings will have on global warming. Check out SocialInvest and Ceres to can learn more about how to ensure your money is being invested in companies, products and projects that address issues related to climate change.
Cities and states around the country have taken action to stop global warming by passing innovative transportation and energy saving legislation. If you're in the U.S., join the cool cities list.
The McCain Lieberman Climate Stewardship and Innovation Act would set a firm limit on carbon dioxide emissions and then use free market incentives to lower costs, promote efficiency and spur innovation. Tell your representative to support it.
Americans must have a stronger commitment from their government in order to stop global warming and implement solutions and such a commitment won’t come without a dramatic increase in citizen lobbying for new laws with teeth. Get the facts about U.S. politicians and candidates at Project Vote Smart and The League of Conservation Voters. Make sure your voice is heard by voting!
Send this page via e-mail to your friends! Spread this list worldwide and help people doing their part: the more people you will manage to enlighten, the greater YOUR help to save the planet will be (but please take action on first person too)! http://volunteerguide.org/volunteer/fifteen/greenhouse-effect.htm
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